与魔鬼共骑

《与魔鬼共骑》算是李安仅次于《绿巨人》的遭遇票房惨败的电影。在此之前，他的“父亲三部曲”，在国内外或提名或得奖，使其声名鹊起，两部外语片《理智与情感》、《冰风暴》也赢得了良好的市场口碑。 李安之所以想拍这样一部电影，也许跟他自身的文化境遇有关系。他曾经在访谈中自嘲说因为自己总是扮演弱势群体的角色（国民党的败兵、外省人、华裔美国人），所以他天生对“失败者”有着一种特殊的感情，而南北战争——这个美国历史上的转折点，这一场对当今美国资本主义社会的价值观起到了决定性影响的战争，远非是一句“解放黑奴”的口号可以概括的。这其中人性的复杂，情与义的抉择，是与非，对与错，不是三言两语就能说清的。 历史总是有胜利者书写的。在美国“主旋律”的南北战争片里，南北战争永远是一副黑白分明的姿态：白的是北边、胜利者、穿蓝制服，黑的是南边、战败者、穿灰制服。北方就是进步、前卫的象征，南方就是顽固、保守的代表。但是，人真的可以简单被化为泾渭分明的两派么？难道北军在所谓的“正义征服”的幌子下就可以诛杀本是同胞的俘虏？而南方的奴隶主难道就无人具有前瞻性，预见这个新世界正在到来吗？ Jack和Holt，一个德裔，一个黑人，处在南北夹缝之中，为两方所不容。为了追随主人，他们加入南方游击队，为了复仇，也为了捍卫传统而战。然而在队伍中处境尴尬的他们经常被人找麻烦，没有人会认真叫他们的名字，他们永远只是Dutchy和Nigger。 这场内战也是人们“内心的战争”。片中南北军冲突的第一幕，当南军射杀了与北军做生意的男主人时，Jack对Pitt说：“我们杀了她丈夫，应该把店铺留给她。”但Pitt还是无情地一把火烧光了整个店面。个人的仇恨，却造成无辜百姓的死亡，这不是Jack想看到的，更不是他打仗的目的所在。在劳城屠杀前游击队首领那场煽动性的演讲中，人群中敷衍应声的杰克已经看透了战争的残酷本质，无论谁输谁赢，胜利，不过是除了失败之外的最大悲剧。 帕斯卡曾经在《思想录》里感叹过“以河为界的荒诞正义”——杀死同岸的人是凶手，但如果被杀死的人来自对岸，杀人者变成了奋勇杀敌的大英雄。而在Jack和Holt拔枪保护居民的那一瞬间，他们在思想上跨过了这条仇恨泛滥的河流，也看破了那些被一己私利冲昏头脑，把滥杀无辜当作快感的南方人。 片中最令人动容的场景就是Jack给Holt读信的场景，Holt说，“我们也有可能喜欢读信的人，在平时他也许做人很不错。”但是战争把人们人为地对立了起来，逼迫他们做所谓“立场正确”的选择，战争泯灭了人性，把人变成杀人机器，被报复的快感所驾驭，丧失了人性。 片中多数描写的是南方游击队打仗时的凶狠残忍，然而那些开明善良，却惨死于北军屠刀下的南方人，他们的生命难道就轻如鸿毛死不足惜？他们的血和泪，又该由谁买单？ 难道人类社会要取得进步，就必须在所谓正义、文明、解放等冠冕堂皇的借口之下，以意义驱逐人性，抹灭人基本的生存和选择的权利，脚踏在鲜血和尸体上，建立起一个新世界么？Jack最后没有朝Pitt开枪，证明他已经从是非恩怨中解脱了，正如他自己说的，“这没有什么对错，就是这么回事。”当Holt骑着马在晨光中远去，战争的恩怨纷扰在此终结，每个人都应该在战争中看清人性，看清自己，知道自己真正想要的是什么，并为之奋斗。这种绝望之后的希望，才更弥足珍贵吧。

《与魔鬼共骑》是我记忆中第一部不做事后诸葛亮的美国南北战争电影。影片中的人物似乎很奇怪：他们不知道北方最终会赢得战争，却也不怎么在乎。有一种说法是，所有的政治都是局部的，本片则认为一些战争也是局部的。故事发生在密苏里州——唯一支持邦联政府的奴隶州，主人公是一小群游击队员，其中包括一位黑人，他们为南方而战，却各怀心思。

本片由李安执导，一位出生于台湾，并于伊利诺伊州进修的天才导演（《理智与情感》，《冰风暴》），他以一个局外人的角度洞悉了美国内战的本质。基于丹尼尔·伍德里尔的历史小说，《与魔鬼共骑》的故事以密苏里州西南地区为中心。当地的游击队发动了一场反抗邦联军队（也称唳鹰）的游击战。这基本上就是一场关于邻里私仇的局部战争，而与意识形态无关。

故事的着眼点主要在于四个游击队员身上：Jake Roedel（托比·马奎尔），Jack Bull Chiles（斯基特·乌尔里奇），George Clyde（唐·山克斯）以及被解放的黑奴Daniel Holt（杰弗里·怀特）。影片以一桩农场婚礼作为开始，四人皆出席。后来农场被唳鹰突袭，其主人被杀害，四人目睹了整个过程。

Roedel and Chiles想要复仇。Clyde是南方人，一直信奉南方的传统价值观，却以各种复杂的理由给了Holt自由身。Holt的动机是最令人费解的，为什么一个曾经是奴隶的黑人会为南方而战？他表示，这是出于对Clyde的个人忠诚，因为后者解放了他，并说“我每天都信任他。”也可能是因为和同伴的友谊。但是Holt对此所言甚少，只有他的眼睛，似乎对所见所闻做着无声的评价。整部影片我们都在期待，期待他能吐露内心最深处的想法。

历史是由胜利者书写的。而南方也有自己的历史记录者，但是在本片之前，我还从来没有见过这样的内战故事：着眼于当地个人的感受，着眼于自己也说不清的个人动机，哪怕他们本质上是一群年轻人，只不过被迫拿起武器在自己的家园战斗。某种程度上而言，他们仅仅是在练习自我防卫。影片显然对他们的个性更感兴趣，而不是他们的冒险活动——却也没有明确指出他们的行为动机。角色们并不真正了解自己的情感，却要表现出与之相应的行为，没有什么比这更难的了。

影片显得缓慢而从容——或许太慢了些。它以神秘主角的亮相作为开始，然后让他们把大部分时间花在山上的藏匿点（他们从来没有想到过，如果他们把木头间的缝隙堵上，屋内可能会暖和些）。他们进行了大段的对话，却更像是说教而非日常交谈。

他们的藏匿点处在一户密苏里人家的土地上，后者支持的是邦联政府。不久，Chiles爱上了村里的寡妇Sue Lee（珠儿）。出于影片艺术性的考量，故事没有拘于传统的爱情片套路，而是安排绝望的Chiles和Sue Lee逃离不堪忍受的局面。影片颇有一些残酷的段落，诸如累累的伤口，截肢以及绝望的武装袭击……

参与本片的演职人员是第一流的。Frederick Elmes（摄影师，代表作有《冰风暴》）的镜头擅于表现寒冷和潮湿。演员们很好的融入于他们的角色之中——没有暴露作为一个现代人的全知神态。杰弗里·怀特（《轻狂岁月》主演）饰演的黑奴别有一番魅力，他始终守口如瓶，从不标榜自己。珠儿值得夸赞，很简单，因为她那令人信服而不做作的表演方式。在此，她是一位真正的演员，而不是一个尝试新爱好的流行歌手。乌尔里奇也很好，尽管托比·马奎尔的音调——紧张，内向，克制——开始让我有点烦了，尤其是在随后的那部《苹果酒屋法则》里，我觉得是时候让他去演一个哑巴少年了（不是我想看到它，而是为了清除蜘蛛网）。

看得出来，李安和他的老搭档詹姆斯·夏慕斯试图寻找某种严肃的东西。《与魔鬼共骑》没有获得传统电影奖项的认可，没有简化复杂的局面，也没有向商业妥协。但遗憾的是，它并不是一部非常有趣的电影。它是一场漫长的煎熬，除非你能发现它暗藏的玄机。它是那种能在历史课上激起有益讨论的电影，但是对普通的电影观众而言，它是沉闷而冷峻的。

原文：

"Ride With the Devil" is the first Civil War film I can recall that is not told with the benefit of hindsight. It's about characters who don't know the North will win--and sometimes don't much seem to care. It's said that all politics are local; this movie argues that some wars are local, too. In Missouri, the only slave-holding state that sided with the Union, it tells the story of a small group of guerrillas with such complex personal motives that it even includes a black man who fights for the South.

The film has been made by Ang Lee, the gifted Taiwan-born, Illinois-educated director ("Sense And Sensibility," "The Ice Storm") who is able to see the Civil War from the outside. Based on a historical novel by Daniel Woodrell, the story of "Ride With the Devil" centers on southwestern Missouri, where the Missouri Irregulars, known as Bushwhackers, waged a hit-and-run fight against the Union troops, called Jayhawkers. This is basically a local war among neighbors with personal animosities and little interest in the war's ideological underpinnings.

We follow four Bushwhackers in particular: Jake Roedel (Tobey Maguire), Jack Bull Chiles (Skeet Ulrich), George Clyde (Simon Baker-Denny) and the freed black slave Daniel Holt (Jeffrey Wright). The film opens with a farm wedding they attend; later they see the farm burned and its owners murdered in a Jayhawker raid.

Roedel and Chiles want revenge. Clyde, a Southerner, believes in Dixie values and traditions, but is complex enough to have freed Holt, once his slave. Holt's motives are the most impenetrable. Why would a former slave fight for the South? He indicates it is out of personal loyalty to Clyde, who freed him and says he "trusts him with my life every day." Also perhaps because of a bond with his comrades. But Holt says little and his eyes often make a silent commentary on what he sees and hears; we wait through the film for a revelation of his deepest feelings.

History, it is said, is written by the victors. The Southern side has had its share of historians, too, but before this movie I had not seen a Civil War story about characters whose feelings are local and personal, whose motives were unclear even to themselves, who were essentially young men with guns forced to fight by the time and place they lived in. To some degree, they are only practicing self-defense. The movie is more interested in their personalities than their adventures--but not so interested that it makes their motives very clear. There is nothing quite so baffling as a character who acts from psychological reasons but possesses little insight into those buried feelings.

The movie is slow and deliberate--too slow. It begins with the enigma of heroes whose cause we do not share, and then has them spend much of their time hunched inside a hideout they have built into a hillside (where it never occurs to them that if they'd fill the chinks between the logs it might be warmer inside). They have long conversations, delivered in language that seems more suited to sermons and editorials than to everyday speech.

Their hideout is on the land of a Missouri family who supports the Confederacy, and soon Chiles is falling in love with Sue Lee (Jewel), a war widow. To give the film credit, it doesn't degenerate into a conventional romance, but plays both Chiles and Sue Lee as desperate in their own ways for an escape from an intolerable situation. There are also grim passages involving wounds, amputations and desperate armed raids.

The technical and acting credits are first rate. Frederick Elmes, who also shot "The Ice Storm," has an uncanny ability to evoke cold and damp. The actors do a good job of being contained by their characters--by not letting modern insights peek through. Jeffrey Wright, who starred in "Basquiat," is especially intriguing as the freed slave, who keeps his own counsel throughout the movie without sending out signals about what he's doing. Jewel deserves praise for, quite simply, performing her character in a convincing and unmannered way. She is an actress here, not a pop star trying out a new hobby. Ulrich is good, too, although Tobey Maguire's tone--tight, inward, controlled--is beginning to wear on me after this and "The Cider House Rules." It's time for him to make a dumb teenage comedy (not because I want to see it, but more to clear the cobwebs).

Watching the film, I could see that Ang Lee and his frequent collaborator, screenwriter James Schamus, were in search of something serious. "Ride With the Devil" does not have conventional rewards or payoffs, does not simplify a complex situation, doesn't punch up the action or the romance simply to entertain. But it is, sad to say, not a very entertaining movie; it's a long slog unless you're fascinated by the undercurrents. It's a film that would inspire useful discussion in a history class, but for ordinary moviegoers, it's slow and forbidding.

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与魔鬼共骑一开头就是奴隶主的家被烧，奴隶主被杀，主角问凶手是谁，回答是“劳伦斯来的人”。好像后边奴隶制势力四处屠杀以及在劳伦斯屠城是为了复仇，颇有正当性一样。然而往前追溯，追溯到罪恶源头，罪魁祸首还是奴隶制势力自己。

美国内战的游击队起源于堪萨斯战争时期的密苏里的奴隶制支持者。

到了一八六年第二次革命战争全面爆发，奴隶制势力的游击队日益猖獗，就像在堪萨斯战争时期一样，这些恶棍不穿军装，专门在战线后方烧毁房屋和农田，掠夺财物，以强奸女性，虐杀儿童为乐，不活动时便隐匿在奴隶制支持者的社区。这些恶棍严重威胁着联邦后方的安全，并牵制了大量联邦军来保护后方的平民和补给线。这些恶棍被叫做“bushwhackers”。

为了对付这群恶棍，以莱恩为代表的堪萨斯出身的联邦军将领以其人之道还其人之身。由于支持奴隶制的社区就是那些恶棍的据点，因此莱恩等人的做法是烧毁那些奴隶制支持者的社区，让那些恶棍无处藏身。使用这种强硬手段反制那些恶棍的联邦军被称作“jayhawkers”。

到美国内战结束，许多流氓恶棍继续在西部流窜，制造了许多谋杀、银行抢劫和火车劫案。

在之后一百多年的时间，一些无耻之徒、奴隶制遗老、种族主义者反复通过书和影片歪曲历史，美化着那些烧杀抢掠无恶不作的恶棍，顺便赚取着这种臭水沟里的不义之钱。

而诸如莱恩、蒙哥马利、詹尼森等为全人类正义事业献身的英雄人物则被好莱坞歪曲和妖魔化，或者无人问津。

堪萨斯英杰小传：

丹尼尔·安东尼（Daniel Read Anthony） 废奴主义将领

约翰·布朗（John Brown）废奴主义者中行动最直接有力的人

乔治·亨利·霍伊特（George Henry Hoyt）为老布朗辩护的青年律师

查尔斯·R·詹尼森（Charles R. Jennison） 手段强硬的废奴主义将领

詹姆斯·莱恩（James Henry Lane）自由的堪萨斯州的缔造者

詹姆斯·蒙哥马利（James Montgomery）老布朗精神的传承者